Cell-cultivated products

Cell-cultivated products (CCPs) cover a variety of foods that can be made using a production process without slaughter or traditional farming and agricultural practices. Cells isolated from animals or plants, including cells from meat, seafood, fat and offal, or eggs, are grown in a controlled environment, and then harvested to make a final food product.

Cell-cultivated products must be authorised before they can be placed on the market in GB. This is to ensure they have been through a rigorous and independent safety assessment. Because of the variety of products and complex production techniques involved, different regulations may apply to the process of their authorisation. They will need to comply with all the regulations applicable to all food on the market, such as hygiene rules or general food law.

To place your cell-cultivated product on the GB market you must apply for authorisation using our regulated product application service. You must ensure that you choose the correct regulatory route for the assessment of your product.

Considering the methods that are used to create CCPs, we anticipate that most applications will be assessed under the novel food regulations. Novel food regulations apply to foods with no history of consumption in the United Kingdom (UK) or the European Union (EU) before 15 May 1997.

In some cases, CCP applications may be assessed under the Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Regulation. If genetic modification has taken place during the process, please contact us to discuss your application. Further information on making an application under the GMO regime can be found below.

We have a Business Support Service (BSS) for cell-cultivated products that is designed to support companies wishing to submit applications for cell-cultivated products to the GB market authorisation service.

It supports the applicant throughout the life of the application, offering both pre- and post-submission support.

Applications for authorisation of CCPs are required for products considered novel under the novel food regulation (Regulation 2015/2283).

Read our novel foods authorisation guidance to find out how to apply for authorisation of your product as a novel food.

You can check the products already authorised for the use in Great Britain in the register of novel food authorisations.

GMO regulations specifically apply to the modification of an organism's genetic material (DNA) in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. Both of these regulations are designed to ensure the food is safe for human consumption.

If a cell-cultivated product is produced using genetic modification, please contact us to discuss which regulatory regime it should fall under. Read our Genetically modified organisms authorisation guidance to find out how to apply for authorisation of your product as a GM food. 

You can check the list of GMOs authorised for import and use in food and feed in GB in our register of authorised GMOs.

You may request that any confidential data supporting your application is not used without your permission by other businesses for five years from the date of authorisation.

All regulated products, regardless of regime, undergo rigorous safety assessments.

All food businesses must comply with food safety law. With some exceptions, it applies to all stages of production, processing, and distribution of food and feed.

To place safe food on the market you must:

• ensure traceability of food
• present food appropriately
• provide suitable food information
• withdraw or recall unsafe food
• ensure food and feed imported into, and exported from, GB comply with food law 

You can find more information in our Advice for new businesses guide.

You must provide certain information with food products placed on the market to comply with the labelling rules. This includes products’ ingredients, including allergens, and their durability (a use-by or a best-before date). You can find specific labelling requirements in our Labelling and composition standards guide.

Regulation 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers brings together rules on general food labelling and nutrition labelling into one piece of legislation. 

FSS reserves the right under Article 9 of the novel food regulations to require additional specific labelling requirements if we consider it to be in consumers’ best interests.

If a product is assessed under the GMO regime, you must label it as ‘genetically modified’.

We set high standards of food safety. Our research demonstrates our commitment to identifying how best to regulate new and innovative food production methods.

Research reports

Hazard identification

In March 2023, FSS and the FSA commissioned a report to identify the hazards associated with cell-cultivated products production processes. The purpose was to inform our risk assessment process for authorising these products.

Alternative proteins for human consumption

This report is a synthesis of desk research, based on thorough review of the academic and non-academic literature and of the alternative proteins start-up scene, and presents an analysis of the emerging market for alternative proteins, the potential implications and the potential policy responses that FSS might need to consider.

3D printing technologies in the food system for food production and packaging

3D printing, also called additive manufacturing, represents a range of technologies that create 3D objects through a layer-by-layer deposition process using digital image files. This research report looks at the 3D printing technologies in the food system for food production and packaging

Rapid review on consumer responses to cell cultivated products

An evidence review was also undertaken in 2025 to examine consumer responses to cell-cultivated products (meat, seafood, dairy and plants).

Best Practice for Cell Banking Techniques Used in Cell-Cultivated Products

This 2025 report focuses on best practice for cell banking techniques used in cell-cultivated products.

How Do Microbial Safety Issues Associated With Meat Apply to Cell Cultivated Products?

This 2025 report focuses on microbial safety issues in meat and how these apply to cell-cultivated products

FAO and WHO report

In April 2023, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) released a report compiling and evaluating all evidence to date on food safety aspects of cell-based food.

Tasting trials of unauthorised novel foods are permitted if the intention behind them is to conduct research to develop the novel food. FSS recommends taste trials are guided by advice published by the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) (Opens in a new window). Companies may communicate the fact they have conducted a taste trial through media activity where such publicity is ancillary to the main purpose of the trial as research and development.

If the intention of a tasting trial is to publicise a product or a company brand, then the tasting may amount to the unlawful placing on the market of an unauthorised novel food.

The ACNFP guidance is still accurate, but the contact details on the page are now out of date. If you have any questions about this guidance, please contact ccpsandbox@food.gov.uk

Cell-Cultivated Products Sandbox Programme

Alongside the Food Standards Agency (FSA), we have been awarded £1.6 million by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology to better understand how cell-cultivated products are made and make an informed assessment of their safety. 

This research is part of a bigger programme sometimes referred to as a ‘regulatory sandbox’. The sandbox is a dialogue programme where FSS and the FSA will work with industry, academic bodies, and other experts to gather knowledge about these products to inform our regulatory approach. This programme began in February 2025 and will run until February 2027.

We will explore the risks and hazards, how they can be managed, and what tests companies need to carry out to ensure their safety. We will also use this knowledge to decide how existing legislation applies to these innovative products. Insight from industry will be an important part of this process, helping us understand practical realities and technical approaches.

Alongside this, we will draw on other sources of evidence such as scientific research, regulatory expertise and consumer perspectives. We will use the learning from all these sources to produce clear guidance for companies wishing to sell these new foods in Great Britain about how to produce safe food, what data to include in their applications to FSS and the FSA, and how existing food regulation will apply to these products.

Eight companies developing cell-cultivated products, three academic organisations and two industry bodies have been selected to take part in the sandbox. They are:

Companies:

• BlueNalu
• Gourmey
• Hoxton Farms
• Mosa Meat
• Roslin Technologies
• Uncommon Bio
• Vital Meat
• Vow  

Academic organisations:

• National Alternative Protein Innovation Centre (NAPIC)
• Cellular Agriculture Manufacturing Hub (CARMA)
• Bezos Centre for Sustainable Protein at Imperial  

Industry bodies:

• Alternative Proteins Association (APA)
• Good Food Institute (GFI)
• Workshop summaries

As part of the Cell-Cultivated Products (CCP) Sandbox programme, we are running monthly workshops with industry participants, each one covering a certain area of production. Workshop summaries highlighting the key topics, challenges, and opportunities discussed during each session are published regularly. In conjunction with GFI Europe, we will be hosting regular webinars to share learnings from the programme with wider industry.

This advice is for guidance purposes and is not definitive. If you have any questions on the application process, please contact the Regulated Products Team: LabellingStandardsandRegulatedProducts@fss.scot

Disclaimer: This web page is intended for information purposes only.  It does not guarantee your product will be assessed under a particular regulatory route. We reserve the right to make that decision.

If you have any questions on CCPs more generally, please contact the CCP Sandbox team ccpsandbox@food.gov.uk